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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Understanding RSV:

RSV, is a highly contagious respiratory virus common in fall through spring. Nearly all children will have had RSV by age 2. While it typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms, it can lead to severe respiratory illness in infants and older adults.

Symptoms of an RSV:

  • cough;
  • runny nose;
  • wheezing;
  • fever;
  • production of large amounts of phlegm;
  • decreased feeding or drinking;
  • a decrease in energy;
  • irritability.

Most cases improve within a few days, but seek medical attention if symptoms worsen - especially if breathing becomes difficult, fluid intake is low, or there are signs of dehydration. RSV is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants under 1 year, particularly due to their underdeveloped lungs and immune systems. Older adults, whose immune systems are less efficient, are also at higher risk of severe illness and complications.

Preventive Treatments for RSV - Newborns and Infants

Ontario’s publicly funded RSV prevention program now offers Beyfortus, an antibody treatment that provides protection for at least 6 months with a single dose. It is recommended for infants just before or during the RSV season (typically November to April).

Starting October 2024, Beyfortus will be available free of charge in Ontario to the following groups:

  • Infants born in 2024 before the RSV season;
  • Infants born during the 2024/25 RSV season;
  • High-risk children up to 24 months of age who have:
    • Chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), including bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease;
    • Hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (CHD);
    • Severe immunodeficiency;
    • Down syndrome/Trisomy 21;
    • Cystic fibrosis with respiratory involvement and/or growth delay;
    • Neuromuscular disease;
    • Severe congenital airway anomalies impairing clearing of respiratory secretions.

If you have questions about eligibility, please speak with your healthcare provider. Beyfortus is a preventive treatment only; it is not for treating active RSV infections.

Maternal Vaccine – Abrysvo for Pregnant Individuals

As an alternative to the preventive antibody treatment (Beyfortus) for infants, pregnant individuals in Ontario between 32 to 36 weeks of pregnancy can chose the RSV vaccine, Abrysvo. This vaccine helps the mother produce antibodies that pass to the baby in the womb, offering up to 6 months of immunity after birth.  

This option is recommended for those delivering near the start or during the RSV season (November to April). However, the preferred preventive method is administering Beyfortus to the infant at birth, given its effectiveness, safety, and immediate protection.

RSV Vaccine for Adults Aged 60 and Older

Ontario’s RSV vaccination program, launched in 2023, continues to expand for high-risk adults 60 and older, including:

  • Residents of long-term care homes, Elder Care Lodges, or retirement homes;
  • Patients in hospitals receiving alternate levels of care (ALC), including similar settings like complex continuing care or hospital transitional programs;
  • Patients undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis;
  • Recipients of solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplants;
  • Individuals experiencing homelessness;
  • Individuals identifying as First Nations, Inuit, or Métis.

Eligible older adults can receive the RSV vaccine for free through healthcare providers, congregate living residences (such as long-term care homes and retirement homes), hospitals, or public health units. For others, the vaccine is available for purchase with a prescription.  Speak with your healthcare provider to find out more.

RSV, flu, and COVID-19 vaccines can be administered together for added convenience and protection throughout the respiratory season.